Faced with new security and technological challenges, many countries are gradually replacing traditional visa exemptions with electronic travel authorizations. Faster, safer and better adapted to the demands of the modern world, these new formalities are transforming the management of migratory flows. What are the advantages of this evolution, and why are states adopting it en masse? We take a closer look.
Visa exemptions have long facilitated international travel, allowing citizens of some countries to enter others without any formalities prior to departure.
However, with the evolution of technology and the growing need to secure borders, electronic travel authorizations, or ETAs, are gaining in popularity.
Enhanced security
One of the main motivations behind the adoption of ETA systems is enhanced security. Traditional visa waivers allow travelers to enter without thorough pre-screening, which can pose national security risks.
Electronic travel authorizations, on the other hand, require travelers to provide personal information and travel details prior to departure. This enables authorities to carry out thorough security checks and detect potential threats before travelers reach the borders.
Streamlined processes and administrative efficiency
ETAs simplify the process for both travellers and authorities.
For travelers, online application eliminates the need to physically visit an embassy or consulate, reducing the time and associated costs.
For authorities, digital processing of applications enables more efficient data management and a reduction in the administrative workload. In addition, automated decisions can speed up the approval process, making the system more responsive.
Adapting to modern threats
Security threats are constantly evolving, and traditional visa waiver systems may not be flexible enough to adapt quickly. Electronic travel authorizations offer a dynamic platform that can be updated in real time to respond to new threats.
For example, if a specific threat linked to an individual or group is detected, authorities can quickly adjust filtering criteria or temporarily suspend authorizations for certain regions.
Enhanced data collection
ETA systems enable more comprehensive and accurate data collection on travelers.
This information can be used for statistical analysis, migration policy planning and the detection of travel trends. What’s more, with accurate data at their fingertips, authorities can better manage traveler flows and anticipate security and resource requirements.
Compatibility with international systems
Many countries are adopting electronic authorization systems, facilitating international cooperation in security and border management.
These systems can be interconnected, enabling rapid exchange of information between nations. This interoperability strengthens the ability of countries to identify and manage the potential risks associated with international travel.
Reducing fraud
Traditional paper documents are susceptible to falsification or alteration.
ETAs, on the other hand, are integrated into secure digital systems, making falsification much more difficult. Online verification processes can include additional security measures, such as biometric verification, to ensure the authenticity of the applicant.
Flexibility for travellers
Electronic authorizations offer greater flexibility for travelers.
For example, applications can often be submitted shortly before travel, and approvals are generally fast. Some electronic authorization systems allow multiple entries over a given period, offering frequent travelers added convenience.
Canada, US, UK, Schengen area… many destinations adopt ETA
From North America to Asia, via the European continent, several nations have already adopted this system or are planning to introduce it in the next few years.
Canada (eTA)
Since March 15, 2016, Canada has required an eTA electronic travel authorization for visa-exempt travelers entering or transiting the country by air. Travelers do not need to obtain an AVE if they enter the country by land or sea. Citizens of visa-exempt countries other than the U.S. must obtain an AVE before travelling to Canada on the official website: canada.ca.
United States (ESTA)
Since January 12, 2009, all travelers under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) are required to obtain an Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) before traveling to the U.S. by air, land or sea. Travelers must log on to esta.cbp.dhs.gov and complete the online application form. Applications can be submitted at any time prior to travel, but it is advisable to complete this formality at least 72 hours before departure.
United Kingdom (ETA)
Since October 2023, the UK has been progressively rolling out its ETA system to its visa-exempt visitors. At present, 54 countries are included in the program, and their nationals are required to obtain authorization before traveling to the country. From April 2, 2025, the UK will require an ETA for travelers from the European Union. Visitors must apply for ETA online prior to travel on the UK government website: gov.uk.
European Union (ETIAS)
The European Union plans to introduce the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) in 2025, with full functionality by 2026. This system, accessible from travel-europe.europa.eu, will require visa-exempt travelers, including British, American and Canadian citizens, to obtain electronic authorization before entering the Schengen area.
Israel (ETA-IL)
Israel has also recently adopted an electronic travel authorization system. Since January 1ᵉʳ, 2025, travelers from visa-exempt countries have been required to obtain an authorization, known as an ETA-IL, before visiting the Hebrew state. This authorization is valid for stays of up to 90 days and is valid for two years or until the passport expires. Applications must be submitted online, ideally between one month and 72 hours before travel, on the portal: israel-entry.piba.gov.il.
South Korea (K-ETA)
K-ETA (Korea Electronic Travel Authorization) is an electronic travel authorization introduced by South Korea in September 2021 for visa-exempt travelers. It costs KRW 10,000 (around €7) and is valid for three years, allowing multiple stays of varying lengths depending on nationality. However, to boost the tourism sector, the South Korean government has decided to extend the temporary K-ETA exemption for nationals of 67 countries, including UK, US, Japan and even Australia, until December 31, 2025. Eligible travelers can therefore visit South Korea without applying for a K-ETA until that date. It should be noted that people under 18 and over 64 have also been exempt from this authorization since July 2023. Applications for K-ETA can be made via the portal: k-eta.go.kr.
Thailand (ETA ?)
Thailand is seriously considering introducing an ETA in 2025. By the end of the year, travelers from the 93 countries currently benefiting from visa exemption may be required to obtain an ETA before arriving in Thailand, whether by air, land or sea. In addition, from May 1, 2025, all travelers will be required to complete an online immigration form called the Thailand Digital Arrival Card (TDAC).
